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POPS10 Mediveval Torture Devices
More from the article: Some courts used torture to determine if someone accused of a crime was truly guilty. This torture would take strange forms: Someone's arm would be forced into boiling water, and the verdict would be based on how well the arm healed days later. Other courts simply tortured people to get them to confess to the crime. The courts themselves even recognized, in their twisted way, that a confession given under torture held no legal meaning. Such a confession had to be confirmed by the victims while not being tortured within 24 hours. If they refused, however, they were simply tortured until they confessed again People were often tortured to force religious conversions. They also faced torture because they may have committed heresy against the established church. Thousands were tortured during the Inquisition on the pretext of religious heresy or conversion, although Inquisitors in general were often motivated by more earthly concerns - they took over the estates
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POPS The Sordid Story Of A Global Con ~ (Warming) 
The second was a tree ring curve from the Yamal Peninsula in Siberia, compiled by UK scientist Keith Briffa. Briffa had published a paper in 1995 claiming that the medieval period actually contained the coldest year of the millennium. But this claim depended on just three tree ring records (called cores) from the Polar Urals. Later, a colleague of his named F. H. Schweingruber produced a much larger sample from the Polar Urals, but it told a very different story: The medieval era was actually quite warm and the late 20th century was unexceptional. Briffa and Schweingruber never published those data, instead they dropped the Polar Urals altogether from their climate reconstruction papers. In its place they used a new series that Briffa had calculated from tree ring data from the nearby Yamal Peninsula that had a pronounced Hockey Stick shape: relatively flat for 900 years then sharply rising in the 20th century. … But an even more disquieting discovery soon came t
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POPSMystery in Grand Central Station NYC solved Articles describes the controversy around why the constellations on the ceiling of the MAin Concourse of GCT are reverse. It finds the medieval designs used for the design and discovers the reasons for the mix-up.
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POPSAncient royal tomb found in Scotland
more (at source): But up until now nobody suspected that Forteviot's royal roots might be thousands of years older. The newly discovered prehistoric tomb is of particular importance because it lies at the very heart of Scotland's largest pre-historic ritual/religious ceremonial complex. The excavations are now revealing that back in around 2600 BC, local Neolithic people constructed a giant 250m diameter circle of 200 timber obelisks with a ceremonial processional way leading to its entrance and an inner timber circle at its centre. Each oak obelisk was up to a metre in diameter. Then, by 2400BC, a massive earthwork enclosure with a 10m wide, 3m deep moat was built inside that inner timber circle. At roughly the same time two other similar earthwork enclosures – "henges" – were built, north of the large timber circle. And finally in around 2000BC the tomb was built underground in what was probably the most prestigious location – immediately opposite the entrance to the henge at the
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POPSLondon Sightseeing See the best of London in an afternoon, with a visit to the Tower, a City tour including St. Paul's Cathedral and a cruise on the River Thames.
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POPSThe Sutton Hoo Treasure "Sutton Hoo, (grid reference TM288487) near Woodbridge, Suffolk, is an Anglo-Saxon cemetery and the site of an early 7th century ship burial. The ship-burial was discovered in 1939 and contained a wealth of artefacts. Sutton Hoo is of primary importance to early medieval historians because it sheds light on a period in English history that otherwise has little documented evidence remaining - it has been called "page one of English history". It is one of the most remarkable archaeological finds in England because of its age, size, far reaching connections, completeness, beauty, rarity and historical importance."
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POPS Paris Evolving Under the Gaze of Notre Dame’s Gargoyles "Like other medieval gargoyles, those decorating Notre Dame were intended as drainage spouts, with internal passages that carry rainwater from the roof and out through the gargoyles’ mouths. The word gargoyle actually comes from the French gargouille, which originally meant “throat” or “gullet”, and Latin words like gurgulio, from the root gar, “to swallow”, representing the gurgling sound of water." "Of course the monstrous appearance of the gargoyles is no happy coincidence, and many believe they were designed to frighten away evil spirits. Da Vinci Code fanatics and conspiracy theorists will doubtless make some secret symbolic connection between these gargoyles and the minds of medieval masons, and of course such hybrid chimeras have made appearances in popular culture everywhere from The Hunchback of Notre Dame to Ghostbusters. Do they threaten damnation or worse to sinners? Judgment Day awaits in Paris."
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POPSWho "discovered" America? - The Vinland Map's version The map of the world, discovered in the mid-1950s bound into an authentic medieval history of the Mongol invasions, shows Europe, western Asia and north Africa — and, in the upper left corner, a craggy-looking island labeled "Vinland Island" in Latin.
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POPSVisit Montenegro from Dubrovnik - Croatia Montenegro is one of the last undiscovered secrets, the country whose vast natural and spiritual assets refuse to fit into any commercial pattern. Exotic landscapes are not always distant and unapproachable. Only one hour car drive from Dubrovnik, Montenegro offers an unforgettable experience, exceptional natural beauty in combination with a rich history and culture. This is a land where the mountains descend almost directly into the sea creating a surreal atmosphere.
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POPSromania's bran castle returned to the habsurgs wow- if these walls could talk...?....located on the border between Transylvania and Wallacha in central Romania, the Bran Castle is commonly referred to as "Dracula's Castle" and marketed as the home of the titular character in Bram Stoker's novel Dracula- however there is evidence that Stoker never knew anything about this castle- and Vlad the Impaler, never resided in the castle either.... it will be turned into a museum dedicated to the legend and history of Dracula.
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POPSAn Open Letter to Closed Minds
A challenge to orthodoxy tends to be ignored at first. But if it gains popular support, the first move is to discredit and silence the challenger. “Belief” is the crux of the matter. No amount of evidence will change the consensus view until a sufficient number “convert” to a belief in the new theory. “It gets worse. As the evidence accumulates, the two camps will not only fail to reach consensus but actually be driven further apart - propelled by their different views ..And worst of all, there is no prospect of such a consensus unless the two sides can agree about the cause of the data.” Such a conclusion bodes ill for any attempt to change the status quo. An important scientific innovation rarely makes its way by gradually winning over and converting its opponents. What does happen is that its opponents gradually die out, and that the growing generation is familiarized with the new ideas from the beginning.” Applicable to both science and religion, I reckon. :)
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POPSCroatia Trips Croatia has fabulous mediaeval cities like Dubrovnik and the exquisite Dalmatian coast with turquoise water, charming fishing villages. Meander from glorious refreshing alpine mountains down to the idyllic Adriatic Sea.
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POPSThe History of Balls and Holes golf through the ages - In terms of the sports modern society is used to, golf has one of the longest and most interesting histories. This is a sport that has been dominating the public conscious for nearly 500 years, and as with anything with roots in Medieval times, has been forced to adapt and change as the world around it does so too.
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POPSRabbi Takes Obama to School
In his almost hour-long speech, there is not a single word about Islam’s well known and checkered past. Ironically, the American president offered plenty of references to what he sees are America’s evils, such as its “colonialism” and history of slavery. “For centuries, black people in America suffered the lash of the whip as slaves and the humiliation of segregation,” Obama told his audience, citing a litany of American shortcomings. He failed to mention that Arab Muslims were the greatest slave traders in the history of humanity. Mr. Obama even has the unbelievable gall, when talking about the treatment of Muslim women, to condemn Western countries for attempting to stop Muslim women from using the full facial cover, or hijab. This is a symbol of Muslim subjugation of women. Obama said: “Likewise, it is important for Western countries to avoid impeding Muslim citizens from practicing religion as they see fit - for instance, by dictating what clothes a Muslim woman should
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POPSHaarlem from Newcastle - Mini Cruise Break Known as the 'City of flowers', this compact city is a maze of narrow streets and canals, with lots of pretty medieval houses, museums and places of interest just waiting to be discovered by you and your partner. Popular for its jazz and history, Haarlem has a unique blend of culture which just adds to its charm, and is the ideal summer getaway.
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POPSABOUT ISLAMIC WORLD IN,MEDICINE,QURAN TRANSLATION ,ISLAMIC LAW,SUNNAH,SCIENCE,HISTORY,Etc.,
FROM HAZARTH IBN SINA TO TUSI ,THE SCIENTIFIC TRADITION IN MEDIEVAL ISLAM (SCIENCE & ISLAM) From Ibn Sina to Tusi: The Scientific Tradition in Medieval Islam From the ninth century onwards, scholars in Muslim lands were engaged in all of the disciplines of science. A treasury of Greek, Indian, Persian and Babylonian philosophic and scientific thought became available through translations into Arabic, and philosopher-scientists, physicians, mathematicians and astronomers - a community of scholars that included Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians as well as Muslims - enriched this intellectual legacy with their own contributions. Title page of volume 5 of Ibn Sina’s Qanun Title page from the Latin edition of Ibn Sina’s Canon of Medicine Half-title page from the 1608 Latin edition of Ibn Sina’s Canon of Medicine Opening page from the 1572 Latin edition of Ibn al-Haytham’s Book of Optics Table from Ibn Butlan’s Taqwim al-Sihha Page from the Sharh al-tadhkirah of al-Birj
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