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POPSJust Missed: Nov. 7th Asteroid 30x Closer Than Moon It was the third-closest known (non-impacting) Earth approach on record for a cataloged asteroid. But before you turn to another Clipmark note: THIS WAS THE SECOND ONE THIS YEAR. The one in March 2009 was close too. Look at the stats on that one 8 months ago: Asteroid's Near Miss A Cosmic Close Call Heavenly Body Buzzes Earth; Comes Within 48,800 Miles The asteroid named 2009 DD45 was about 48,800 miles from Earth. That is just twice the height of some telecommunications satellites and about a fifth of the distance to the Moon. CNN video report on that one here. Real footage Video of 1972 asteroid in Canada here --which actually is seen trailing then "bouncing" off earth's atmosphere.
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POPSDiminishing Returns! An astronomical example of how scale can change encouraging environments to discouraging ones... (what does this have to do with governance or economics?)
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POPS Astronomers See 'Skeleton' of the Universe
Viewed through the world's most powerful telescopes, the discovery "is the first observation of such a prominent galaxy structure in the distant universe, providing further insight into the cosmic web and how it formed," according to a statement by the European Southern Observatory (ESO). The assembly of galaxies form filaments "millions of light years long and constitute the skeleton of the universe," it says. "Galaxies gather around them, and immense galaxy clusters form at their intersections, lurking like giant spiders waiting for more matter to digest," it adds. The filaments are located about 6.7 billion light-years away and extend over at least 60 million light-years, the scientists say, adding the structure very likely stretches beyond the area they probed, warranting further observations. "This is the first time that we have observed such a rich and prominent structure in the distant universe," says ESO's Masayuki Tanaka, who led the study.
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POPSThe Celtic Zodiac: The Origin of Halloween
Notes from the artist: The Ancient Origins of Halloween In today's world it is often difficult for us to imagine that there were ancient civilizations that came long before us, who were more aware and in tune with nature, astronomy and astrology than we are today with all of our advanced knowledge and technology. Approximately one thousand years B.C., a religious order of Celtic priests known as the Druids lived in the British Isles. They used a lunar calendar that consisted of 13 months, with each month having within it 28 days, plus an additional day which was added to the calendar as in a leap year, to correspond to the solar/lunar year. This 13 month calendar was used by the Druids to calculate their year and important festivals. The Druidic religion focused on the natural and supernatural energies of the universe which they identified with the spirits of their sacred trees. These sacred trees formed the basis of the Druid astrological zodiac.
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POPS The $cience of Harry Potter The museum defends the intellectual value of what is sure to be a cash cow of an exhibit by noting that the 200 movie props it features offer a window into innovation. “You see these props and think, ‘How did they do that?’ It is an inspiration for people to explore what it took to create these movie worlds,” said Paul Fontaine, vice president of education at the museum. And that inspiration is essential to scientific innovation, he says. “When you think of the foundations of science, it is creativity; what it takes to transform fantasy to the screen. We hope people take away those foundation skills,” Fontaine said. The museum is home to displays about DNA, electricity, astronomy and anatomy. But some area academics agree a re-creation of Hogwarts is not out of place. Andrew Cohen, physics professor at Boston University, references popular movies in his lectures to make complex theories tangible. So, could Hagrid’s Care of Magical Creatures
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POPSGalileo's Spyglass Using ever-more powerful telescopes over the next year, Galileo observed that the Moon was not perfectly smooth, as claimed by Aristotle, but cratered and mountainous. He spotted hundreds of stars previously untouched by human eyes. More critically, he discovered the four inner satellites of Jupiter - still known as the "Galilean moons" in his honour - and learnt that Venus, Earth's closest planet, goes through a full range of phases. Put together, his observations validated the revolutionary theory of Nicolaus Copernicus that Earth orbits the Sun, and not the other way round. Galileo understood the implications of what he had seen, but the Catholic Church was not ready to accept such heresy. Only in 2000 did the Holy See apologise for putting Galileo on trial in 1633, forcing him to recant his ideas lest he face imprisonment or worse. The Vatican also pays tribute to him in an exhibition that opened this month. I never knew that it was only in 20
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POPSPhysicists Calculate Number of Parallel Universes
Think it's crazy? Check this out, then: To work these numbers out, Linde and Vanchurin looked back to the time shortly after the Big Bang, which they view as a quantum process that generated lots of quantum fluctuations. Then during the period of inflation, the universe grew rapidly and these quantum fluctuations were "frozen" into classical perturbations in distinct regions. Today, each of these regions could be a different universe, having its own distinct laws of low energy physics. By analyzing the mechanism (called "slow roll inflation") that initially generated the quantum fluctuations, the scientists could estimate the number of resulting universes at 10^10^10^7 (a number which is dependent on the model they used). However, this number is limited by other factors, specifically by the limits of the human brain. Since the total amount of information that one individual can absorb in a lifetime is about 10^16 bits, which is equivalent to 10^10^16 configurations, this means tha