Dangerous fumaroles


	Dangerous fumaroles
amgumen
6-4-2007 10:53 PM
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tags:
environment, geology, interesting, science, volcanoes
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<div style="margin: 12px 0px; font-family: arial; color: #333333; background: #ffffff; border: solid 4px #e5e5e5; width: 100%; clear: left;"><div class="CM_CTB_Content_Wrap" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #dcdcdc; white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee ;background-image: url(http://clipmarks.com/images/source-bg.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 4px; color: #666666; font-size: 10px;" ><a href="http://clipmarks.com/clip-to-blog/" title="see clips that are hot right now"><img src="http://content.clipmarks.com/blog_embed/3f094091-0529-4e09-ad15-760e4332f1fd/D570A82F-C7E0-4DB7-8333-721432CCF959/" alt="" width="19" height="19" border="0" style="vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 4px; display: inline; border: none; float:none;" /></a>clipped from <a title="http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/GasEffects/32424296-19_caption.html" href="http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/GasEffects/32424296-19_caption.html" style="font-size: 11px;">volcanoes.usgs.gov</a></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/GasEffects/32424296-19_caption.html"><div align="center"><img src="http://content9.clipmarks.com/blog_cache/volcanoes.usgs.gov/img/BC7BF4F0-0624-4313-AA52-C35ACEB23BF9" alt="Cloth burning on end of stick, Nyamuragira Volcano, Zaire" /></div></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/GasEffects/32424296-19_caption.html"><div align="center"><img src="http://content6.clipmarks.com/blog_cache/volcanoes.usgs.gov/img/56810834-A956-42C4-B40A-4C84518F1840" alt="Cloth smoldering on end of stick, Nyamuragira Volcano, Zaire" /></div></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/GasEffects/32424296-19_caption.html"><P>
        Fumaroles of cold, dry CO<SUB>2</SUB> such as this one on 
        a lava flow erupted in 1938 from Nyamuragira Volcano, Zaire, 
        can be exceptionally dangerous because the CO<SUB>2</SUB> 
        discharge is invisible. The density difference between 
        CO<SUB>2</SUB> and air is so great that a sharp boundary can
        persist between them. Lowering the cloth torch (top) just a few 
        centimeters into the high concentration of CO<SUB>2</SUB> gas  
        causes the flame to go out (bottom).</p> <P>
        Such pockets of lethal CO<SUB>2</SUB> gas concentrations 
        are common along the East African Rift Zone, and are the 
        source of legends regarding elephant graveyards. The Swahili 
        word for such pockets of gas is mazuku.</P></blockquote><div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #dcdcdc; white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee ;background-image: url(http://clipmarks.com/images/source-bg.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 4px; color: #666666; font-size: 10px;" ><a href="http://clipmarks.com/clip-to-blog/" title="see clips that are hot right now"><img src="http://content7.clipmarks.com/images/clip-icon.gif" alt="" width="19" height="19" border="0" style="vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 4px; display: inline; border: none; float:none;" /></a>clipped from <a title="http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/GasEffects/32424296-17_large.jpg" href="http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/GasEffects/32424296-17_large.jpg" style="font-size: 11px;">volcanoes.usgs.gov</a></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/GasEffects/32424296-17_large.jpg"><div align="center"><img src="http://content8.clipmarks.com/blog_cache/volcanoes.usgs.gov/img/E82ED1B0-8352-42AE-8A2A-9ABC585EE577" alt="The image “http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/GasEffects/32424296-17_large.jpg” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors." /></div></blockquote><div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #dcdcdc; white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee ;background-image: url(http://clipmarks.com/images/source-bg.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 4px; color: #666666; font-size: 10px;" ><a href="http://clipmarks.com/clip-to-blog/" title="see clips that are hot right now"><img src="http://content9.clipmarks.com/images/clip-icon.gif" alt="" width="19" height="19" border="0" style="vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 4px; display: inline; border: none; float:none;" /></a>clipped from <a title="http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/GasEffects/32424296-17_caption.html" href="http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/GasEffects/32424296-17_caption.html" style="font-size: 11px;">volcanoes.usgs.gov</a></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/GasEffects/32424296-17_caption.html"><table background="undefined" bgcolor=""><tr><TD>Dog skeleton in a mazuku, the Swahili word for a pocket of 
        carbon dioxide gas, on the south flank of Nyamuragira Volcano, 
        Zaire. The dog probably died of carbon dioxide gas poisoning 
        after walking into the mazuku.
        </TD></tr></table></blockquote></div><div style="margin: 0px 6px 6px 4px;"><table style="font-size: 11px;border-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td style="background:transparent;border-width:0px;padding:0px;">&nbsp;</td><td align="right" style="background:transparent;border-width:0px;padding:0px;width:107px" width="107"><a href="http://clipmarks.com/share/D570A82F-C7E0-4DB7-8333-721432CCF959/blog/" title="blog or email this clip"><img src="http://content6.clipmarks.com/images/c2b-foot.png" border="0" alt="blog it" width="107" height="17" style="border-width:0px;padding:0px;margin:0px;" /></a></td></tr></table></div></div>
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