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Grameen Bank 2
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11-11-2009 10:34 AM
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<div style="margin: 12px 0px; font-family: arial; color: #333333; background: #ffffff; border: solid 4px #e5e5e5; width: 100%; clear: left;"><div class="CM_CTB_Content_Wrap" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #dcdcdc; white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee ;background-image: url(http://clipmarks.com/images/source-bg.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 4px; color: #666666; font-size: 10px;" ><a href="http://clipmarks.com/clip-to-blog/" title="see clips that are hot right now"><img src="http://content.clipmarks.com/blog_embed/850dc67e-7427-4549-8942-75ee7ac2089c/CA5F2C74-5ADD-4A18-939B-828279CB039E/" alt="" width="19" height="19" border="0" style="vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 4px; display: inline; border: none; float:none;" /></a>clipped from <a title="http://www.chinavalue.net/Wiki/ShowContent.aspx?TitleID=392678" href="http://www.chinavalue.net/Wiki/ShowContent.aspx?TitleID=392678" style="font-size: 11px;">www.chinavalue.net</a></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://www.chinavalue.net/Wiki/ShowContent.aspx?TitleID=392678"><H1><SPAN id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_lblTitle">Grameen Bank</SPAN></H1></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://www.chinavalue.net/Wiki/ShowContent.aspx?TitleID=392678"><P class="MsoNormal"><B><SPAN>专为穷人服务的乡村银行</SPAN></B><B><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN lang="EN-US"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN>尤</SPAN><SPAN>努斯,留美经济博士,于</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1972</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>年放弃在美国的优越生活,选择回到孟加拉国国,这个仍有</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><FONT face="Times New Roman">75%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>文盲,</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>成地区缺乏水电的贫困故乡。在这里他发现传统经济理论与</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN>现实世界的落差,尤努斯选择进入贫穷的世界,观察穷人的生活,希望找出解决贫困的办法。四年后,他创立了世界上第一所专为穷人服务的银行:乡村银行</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> (Grameen Bank)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>。帮助无数村民摆脱穷困。</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://www.chinavalue.net/Wiki/ShowContent.aspx?TitleID=392678"><P class="MsoNormal"><B><SPAN>成功因素</SPAN></B><B><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN lang="EN-US"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN>乡村银行的成功要素,是五人互保,相信穷人也能有信用。</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"> </SPAN><SPAN>传统商业银行因为穷人无法提出担保品而拒绝贷款。然而尤努斯相信:穷人知道信用是他们打破贫穷的唯一机会,乡村银行的低额度微型贷款,运用「五人互保」的</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN>担保方式。所谓「五人互保」,即想借钱的妇女,必须找齐其它</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>个非亲属的人组成互保团体,个别经过面谈后,正式成为五人互保小组。互保小组的意义在于,彼</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN>此规范,并寻找到真正需要帮助的人。若其中一名借款人无法还款,并不会要求其它保人还钱,但其它保人在未来几年内也无法贷款更高的金额。所以还是有相当的</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN>约束力。</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://www.chinavalue.net/Wiki/ShowContent.aspx?TitleID=392678"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN>乡村银行第一项独特作法,是打破传统社会习俗,以妇女为放款对象。</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></p> <P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN>乡村银行成立的目的是要帮助穷人脱离几辈子的穷困生活,因此就必须要打破存在已久的制度。</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></p> <P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN>在</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN>孟加拉国国,一般家庭的收入均为男人所控管。然而尤努斯发现:「妇女会把钱用在家庭及幼儿,丈夫则会用于娱乐」。因此尤努斯即将放款对像限定为女性,并花了很</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN>大的时间跟心力向妇女说明:女人是可以用钱。借来的钱要贴补家用,自立更生,而不能给丈夫娱乐。慢慢的借钱的妇女变多了,而目前乡村银行的会员有</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><FONT face="Times New Roman">96%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>都</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN>是妇女。</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></p> <P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN>乡村银行第二项独特作法,是帮助穷人建立商业的概念。穷人用贷款购买材料,制作东西并贩卖。并且用团体的力量,</SPAN></P></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://www.chinavalue.net/Wiki/ShowContent.aspx?TitleID=392678"><SPAN>独特作法</SPAN></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://www.chinavalue.net/Wiki/ShowContent.aspx?TitleID=392678"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN>乡村银行第二项独特作法,是帮助穷人建立商业的概念。穷人用贷款购买材料,制作东西并贩卖。并且用团体的力量,建立市集、扩大交易规模。这样赚来的钱,再投资买更多材料来生财,把良性循环越滚越大。</SPAN></P></blockquote></div><div style="margin: 0px 6px 6px 4px;"><table style="font-size: 11px;border-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td style="background:transparent;border-width:0px;padding:0px;"> </td><td align="right" style="background:transparent;border-width:0px;padding:0px;width:107px" width="107"><a href="http://clipmarks.com/share/CA5F2C74-5ADD-4A18-939B-828279CB039E/blog/" title="blog or email this clip"><img src="http://content7.clipmarks.com/images/c2b-foot.png" border="0" alt="blog it" width="107" height="17" style="border-width:0px;padding:0px;margin:0px;" /></a></td></tr></table></div></div>
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