Alexander Flores from the University of Bremen offered a closer look at the intersection of Arab nationalism and Islamism. In the competition between [... the Arab nation, and on the other, Islamic society ...], Islamism has fought off nationalism's central "motive of political action" and reinterpreted it. Instead of anti-imperialism, the fight is now against the "Crusaders", and the Arab identity has been transformed into an Islamic one.
[...]
Anja Pistor-Hatam from the University of Kiel dealt with the construction of an Iranian-Islamic identity. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the combination of the Persian language and the Twelve-Imam Shiite faith have helped to form a n...

Alexander Flores from the University of Bremen offered a closer look at the intersection of Arab nationalism and Islamism. In the competition between [... the Arab nation, and on the other, Islamic society ...], Islamism has fought off nationalism's central "motive of political action" and reinterpreted it. Instead of anti-imperialism, the fight is now against the "Crusaders", and the Arab identity has been transformed into an Islamic one.
[...]
Anja Pistor-Hatam from the University of Kiel dealt with the construction of an Iranian-Islamic identity. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the combination of the Persian language and the Twelve-Imam Shiite faith have helped to form a national identity. Other ethnic and religious groups, such as Jews and Baha'is, have found no place in this conception, which, on the contrary, serves to shunt them aside.
[... T]he Islamic scholar contrasted two identity-constructing concepts in Iran – the "myth of the golden age of Iran's pre-Islamic past", maintained and glorified during the Pahlavi era, and, with the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the myth of the "pre-Islamic time of ignorance" that replaced it, resulting in the fusion of the notions of Islam and Iran.

Udo Steinbach described the Islamic Revolution of 1979 as a historical event of the highest order. [...] In the current nuclear conflict with the West, Steinbach sees a merging of the themes of "trauma and status" in the Iranian identity.