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	Origin of Sine

tvprasad

9-20-2008 10:25 AM

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tvprasad says:

India's contribution to Math

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<div style="margin: 12px 0px; font-family: arial; color: #333333; background: #ffffff; border: solid 4px #e5e5e5; width: 100%; clear: left;"><div class="CM_CTB_Content_Wrap" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;background-color:#00ccff;"><div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #dcdcdc; white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee ;background-image: url(http://clipmarks.com/images/source-bg.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 4px; color: #666666; font-size: 10px;" ><a href="http://clipmarks.com/clip-to-blog/" title="see clips that are hot right now"><img src="http://content.clipmarks.com/blog_embed/07bd5c93-ae59-4739-b614-63c2ae370113/459D2B1D-EB9B-4E0F-AD0C-57E68DA57991/" alt="" width="19" height="19" border="0" style="vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 4px; display: inline; border: none; float:none;" /></a>clipped from <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aryabhata&oldid=239577788" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aryabhata&oldid=239577788" style="font-size: 11px;">en.wikipedia.org</a></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aryabhata&oldid=239577788"><SPAN class="mw-headline">From "ardha-jya" to "sine"</SPAN></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aryabhata&oldid=239577788"><P>Aryabhata discussed the concept of <I>sine</I> in his work by the name of <I>ardha-jya</I>. Literally, it means "half-chord". Because of simplicity, people started calling it <I>jya</I>. When Arabic writers translated his works from <A title="Sanskrit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit">Sanskrit</A> into Arabic, they referred it as <I>jiba</I> (after driven by the phonetic similarity). However, in Arabic writings, vowels are omitted and it got abbreviated to <I>jb</I>. When later writers realized that <I>jb</I> is an abbreviation of <I>jiba</I>, they substituted it back with <I>jiab</I>, means "cove" or "bay" (in Arabic, other than being merely a technical term, <I>jiba</I> is a meaningless word). Later in 12th century, when <A class="mw-redirect" title="Gherardo of Cremona" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gherardo_of_Cremona">Gherardo of Cremona</A> translated these writings from Arabic into Latin, he replaced the Arabic <I>jiab</I> with its Latin counterpart, <I>sinus</I> (which has a same literal meaning of "cove" or "bay"). And after that, the <I>sinus</I> became <I>sine</I> in English, which is what the world now knows. <SUP class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><A title="" href="#cite_note-9">[10]</A></SUP></P></blockquote></div><div style="margin: 0px 6px 6px 4px;"><table style="font-size: 11px;border-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td style="background:transparent;border-width:0px;padding:0px;">&nbsp;</td><td align="right" style="background:transparent;border-width:0px;padding:0px;width:107px" width="107"><a href="http://clipmarks.com/share/459D2B1D-EB9B-4E0F-AD0C-57E68DA57991/blog/" title="blog or email this clip"><img src="http://content8.clipmarks.com/images/c2b-foot.png" border="0" alt="blog it" width="107" height="17" style="border-width:0px;padding:0px;margin:0px;" /></a></td></tr></table></div></div>

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