Actually, it's called a "Smart Card", designed by the Federation of American Scientists and given to soldiers to be laminated and folded into handy pocket-size form. The entire document (including a guide to who-hates-who in Iraq and how surnames work) can be downloaded from their website. The Marine Corps Intelligence Activity released an updated version in May that's available in PDF form.

These cards are nothing new. Similar ones were handed out during the Gulf War, Vietnam, and likely other engagments as well.