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本體論: 讓舉一反三變得可能
Mauyoah
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8-14-2009 11:39 PM
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<div style="margin: 12px 0px; font-family: arial; color: #333333; background: #ffffff; border: solid 4px #e5e5e5; width: 100%; clear: left;"><div class="CM_CTB_Content_Wrap" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #dcdcdc; white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee ;background-image: url(http://clipmarks.com/images/source-bg.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 4px; color: #666666; font-size: 10px;" ><a href="http://clipmarks.com/clip-to-blog/" title="see clips that are hot right now"><img src="http://content.clipmarks.com/blog_embed/0ed7189a-c94b-42a8-8bdf-99255ca37706/29EB93C6-8600-492A-8560-4985A64876A7/" alt="" width="19" height="19" border="0" style="vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 4px; display: inline; border: none; float:none;" /></a>clipped from <a title="http://mmdays.com/2008/06/16/ontology/" href="http://mmdays.com/2008/06/16/ontology/" style="font-size: 11px;">mmdays.com</a></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://mmdays.com/2008/06/16/ontology/"><H2><FONT color="#007fff"><A title="Permanent Link to 本體論: 讓舉一反三變得可能" rel="bookmark" href="http://mmdays.com/2008/06/16/ontology/">本體論: 讓舉一反三變得可能</A></FONT></H2></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://mmdays.com/2008/06/16/ontology/"><STRONG>規則: 從觀察到行動的過程</STRONG></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://mmdays.com/2008/06/16/ontology/">所謂「規則」(rule),我們可以把他看成是人類從觀察 (observation) 到行動 (action) 之間的一個對應關係。簡單的規則可以是「如果下雨,就撐傘」。複雜的規則可以是「如果高速公路塞車而且高鐵又打折,就做高鐵,否則…」。因此,一個「規則」,通常都有一個「如果…」的部分,以及一個「則…」的部分。「如果…」就像是我們對環境作觀察,「則…」就像是我們在環境中開始行動。一條規則,就像是把觀察和行動作一個對應 (mapping),複雜的規則,就是一種複雜的對應。至於人類怎樣子學出這種觀察到行動之間應該有的對應,也就是如何學出規則?心理學上面各種學習理論,有習慣化、敏感化、制約學習,可以參考<A target="_blank" href="http://mmdays.com/2008/01/24/learning_conditioning/">學習三部曲:習慣、敏感、和制約學習</A>。人工智慧和機器學習裡面對於學習的方法,則是有幾種劃分,像是監督式學習 (supervised learning)、非監督式學習 (unsupervised learning)、加強式學習 (reinforcement learning)的劃分,或是模型式(model-based learning)、案例式(instance-based learning)學習的劃分。可以參考<A target="_blank" href="http://mmdays.com/2007/05/16/knn/">KNN演算法</A>, <A target="_blank" href="http://mmdays.com/2007/05/18/knn_errata/">KNN演算法 (更正篇)</A>。</blockquote></div><div style="margin: 0px 6px 6px 4px;"><table style="font-size: 11px;border-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td style="background:transparent;border-width:0px;padding:0px;"> </td><td align="right" style="background:transparent;border-width:0px;padding:0px;width:107px" width="107"><a href="http://clipmarks.com/share/29EB93C6-8600-492A-8560-4985A64876A7/blog/" title="blog or email this clip"><img src="http://content6.clipmarks.com/images/c2b-foot.png" border="0" alt="blog it" width="107" height="17" style="border-width:0px;padding:0px;margin:0px;" /></a></td></tr></table></div></div>
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