知识工作者的任务分析

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	知识工作者的任务分析
tingjunli
10-19-2009 5:18 PM
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tags:
05_学习提升, 知识, 任务, 管理, 时间
tingjunli says:
腓1:9 我所祷告的，就是要你们的爱心，在知识和各样见识上，多而又多，
Phil 1:9 And this I pray, that your love may abound still more and more in real knowledge and all discernment,
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</H1></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://blog.csdn.net/junhm/archive/2009/10/19/4698148.aspx"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>在</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><SPAN>20</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>世纪，管理所做的最重要也是唯一的贡献，就是把生产过程中体力劳动者的生产率提高了</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><SPAN>50</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>倍；</SPAN></SPAN></P></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://blog.csdn.net/junhm/archive/2009/10/19/4698148.aspx"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>在</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><SPAN>21</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>世纪，管理需要做出的最重要的贡献，是使知识工作者的生产率得到同样的提高。<SPAN class="smarterwiki-popup-bubble"><SPAN class="smarterwiki-popup-bubble-body"><SPAN class="smarterwiki-popup-bubble-links smarterwiki-clearfix"><SPAN class="smarterwiki-popup-bubble-links-row smarterwiki-clearfix"><A class="smarterwiki-popup-bubble-link" href="http://search.twitter.com/search?q=%E5%9C%A821%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%EF%BC%8C%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE%EF%BC%8C%E6%98%AF%E4%BD%BF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E7%8E%87%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%E5%90%8C%E6%A0%B7%E7%9A%84%E6%8F%90%E9%AB%98%E3%80%82" title="Search Twitter" target="_blank"><IMG class="smarterwiki-popup-bubble-link-favicon" alt="" src="http://twitter.com/favicon.ico" /></A><A class="smarterwiki-popup-bubble-link" href="http://www.google.com/search?q=%E5%9C%A821%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%EF%BC%8C%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE%EF%BC%8C%E6%98%AF%E4%BD%BF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E7%8E%87%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%E5%90%8C%E6%A0%B7%E7%9A%84%E6%8F%90%E9%AB%98%E3%80%82" title="Search Google" target="_blank"><IMG class="smarterwiki-popup-bubble-link-favicon" alt="" src="http://www.google.com/favicon.ico" /></A></SPAN><SPAN class="smarterwiki-popup-bubble-links-row smarterwiki-clearfix"><A class="smarterwiki-popup-bubble-link" href="http://smarterfox.com/wikisearch/search?q=%E5%9C%A821%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%EF%BC%8C%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE%EF%BC%8C%E6%98%AF%E4%BD%BF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E7%8E%87%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%E5%90%8C%E6%A0%B7%E7%9A%84%E6%8F%90%E9%AB%98%E3%80%82&locale=zh-CN" title="Search Wikipedia" target="_blank"><IMG class="smarterwiki-popup-bubble-link-favicon" alt="" src="http://static.smarterfox.com/media/wiki-favicon-sharpened.png" /></A><A class="smarterwiki-popup-bubble-link" href="http://www.oneriot.com/search?p=smarterfox&ssrc=smarterfox_popup_bubble&spid=8493c8f1-0b5b-4116-99fd-f0bcb0a3b602&q=%E5%9C%A821%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%EF%BC%8C%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE%EF%BC%8C%E6%98%AF%E4%BD%BF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E7%8E%87%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%E5%90%8C%E6%A0%B7%E7%9A%84%E6%8F%90%E9%AB%98%E3%80%82" title="Search OneRiot" target="_blank"><IMG class="smarterwiki-popup-bubble-link-favicon" alt="" src="http://static.smarterfox.com/media/popup_bubble/oneriot-favicon.ico" /></A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="smarterwiki-popup-bubble-tip"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://blog.csdn.net/junhm/archive/2009/10/19/4698148.aspx"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><SPAN><SPAN>                                                                      </SPAN><SPAN>   </SPAN>——</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>德鲁克：《</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><SPAN>21</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>世纪的管理挑战》</SPAN></SPAN></P></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://blog.csdn.net/junhm/archive/2009/10/19/4698148.aspx"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>人类文明史存在有七八千年，但人类第一次真正深入了解体力劳动和体力劳动者，并开始对它们进行研究，仅仅只有一百零几年的历史。第一个对体力劳动进行深入研究的人是泰勒。</SPAN></SPAN></P></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://blog.csdn.net/junhm/archive/2009/10/19/4698148.aspx">泰勒在深入了解体力劳动者的任务和分析构成任务的动作后指出，体力劳动根本就不存在技能，只有简单和重复性的动作。能够提高体力劳动生产率的是知识，即按照一定的方法将简单和无技能的动作合并在一起，对它们加以组织，并执行这些动作。</blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://blog.csdn.net/junhm/archive/2009/10/19/4698148.aspx"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>泰勒的理论听起来最简单不过了——有效的方法总是简单的方法。但是，泰勒用了<SPAN lang="EN-US">20</SPAN>年的时间才取得这样的成果。它的名称在<SPAN lang="EN-US">20</SPAN>世纪里也发生了更迭。泰勒自己一开始称之为<STRONG>“任务分析”或“任务管理”</STRONG>。<SPAN lang="EN-US">20</SPAN>年后，它变为<STRONG>“科学管理”</STRONG>。这就是科学管理的来历。</SPAN></SPAN></P></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://blog.csdn.net/junhm/archive/2009/10/19/4698148.aspx"><SPAN>但</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><SPAN>“</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>泰勒制</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><SPAN>”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>的名声并不好，原因之一是人们认为泰勒视工人如机器。</SPAN></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://blog.csdn.net/junhm/archive/2009/10/19/4698148.aspx"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD width="151" valign="top"><P class="MsoNormal"><STRONG><SPAN><SPAN>项目</SPAN></SPAN></STRONG></p> </TD><TD width="204" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><STRONG><SPAN><SPAN>体力劳动者</SPAN></SPAN></STRONG></p> </TD><TD width="213" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><STRONG><SPAN><SPAN>知识工作者</SPAN></SPAN></STRONG></p> </TD></TR><TR><TD width="151" valign="top"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>任务</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="204" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>确定</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="213" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>不确定（自主决定）</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD></TR><TR><TD width="151" valign="top"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>任务产生</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="204" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>顺序</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="213" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>并发</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD></TR><TR><TD width="151" valign="top"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>同时任务数</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="204" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>单一任务</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="213" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>多任务</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD></TR><TR><TD width="151" valign="top"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>任务之间关系</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="204" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>一维</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="213" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>多维</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD></TR><TR><TD width="151" valign="top"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>任务内容</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="204" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>简单手工操作</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="213" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>复杂脑力活动</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD></TR><TR><TD width="151" valign="top"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>自由度</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="204" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>小</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="213" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>大</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD></TR><TR><TD width="151" valign="top"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>创新空间</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="204" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>小</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="213" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>大</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD></TR><TR><TD width="151" valign="top"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>需要知识和信息</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="204" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>否</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="213" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>是</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD></TR><TR><TD width="151" valign="top"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>考核标准</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="204" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>量化</SPAN></SPAN></p> </TD><TD width="213" valign="top"><P align="center" class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>不容易量化</SPAN></SPAN></P></TD></TR></table></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://blog.csdn.net/junhm/archive/2009/10/19/4698148.aspx"><P class="MsoNormal"><SPAN><SPAN>由上表可看出，知识工作者的任务比体力劳动者的任务在复杂度上提高了不止一个数量级。可以把体力劳动者的任务看成是知识工作者的任务的一个子集。</SPAN></SPAN></P></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://blog.csdn.net/junhm/archive/2009/10/19/4698148.aspx">软件开发最难和最有价值的部分就是软件的设计，如果连详细设计都做好了，只是简单编码已经没有多少价值提升空间了。</blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://blog.csdn.net/junhm/archive/2009/10/19/4698148.aspx"><SPAN>管理大师德鲁克说过，“管理是一种实践，其本质不在于</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><SPAN>‘</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>知</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><SPAN>’</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>而在于</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><SPAN>‘</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>行</SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-US"><SPAN>’</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>；其验证不在于逻辑，而在于成果；其唯一权威就是成就。”。在他的《管理：任务、责任、实践》这部巨著中，以其简洁而浓缩的书名道出了管理学的真谛。据此，我们可以把管理诠释为：管理任务、承担责任、勇于实践。</SPAN></blockquote></div><div style="margin: 0px 6px 6px 4px;"><table style="font-size: 11px;border-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td style="background:transparent;border-width:0px;padding:0px;">&nbsp;</td><td align="right" style="background:transparent;border-width:0px;padding:0px;width:107px" width="107"><a href="http://clipmarks.com/share/27D6D53C-5405-4A8F-97FE-784D1F90092D/blog/" title="blog or email this clip"><img src="http://content8.clipmarks.com/images/c2b-foot.png" border="0" alt="blog it" width="107" height="17" style="border-width:0px;padding:0px;margin:0px;" /></a></td></tr></table></div></div>
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