The reasoning here is basically as follows. While individual whites may be (at least) consciously filled with nothing but good will toward blacks (and other minorities), the very institutions of which American life is constituted and within the framework of which its citizens' worldview(s) have been formed are profoundly "racist."

So, "racism," then, requires neither hatred nor a willingness to discriminate nor a conscious belief in the innate inferiority of other races.

The reasoning here is basically as follows. While individual whites may be (at least) consciously filled with nothing but good will toward blacks (and other minorities), the very institutions of which American life is constituted and within the framework of which its citizens' worldview(s) have been formed are profoundly "racist."

So, "racism," then, requires neither hatred nor a willingness to discriminate nor a conscious belief in the innate inferiority of other races.