This Day in History - July 18


	This Day in History - July 18
righthand
7-18-2008 9:46 AM
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history
righthand says:
Secret ballot 1872
2 Comments |
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7-18-2008 11:32 AM
masbury
I was astonished, when following your link, to discover that the first US President elected by secret ballot was Grover Cleveland - not until 1892! Congratulations, Australia, for bringing this to the world!
7-18-2008 12:29 PM
righthand
I'm guessing the the story behind Oz's prominence here will prove very interesting. I'm wondering if a certain effort of succession was behind this leap forward.

I know that the secret ballot was a major reform in Irish history. Previously the landlord could command absolute obedience at the ballot box to ensure his own election as MP.
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<div style="margin: 12px 0px; font-family: arial; color: #333333; background: #ffffff; border: solid 4px #e5e5e5; width: 100%; clear: left;"><div class="CM_CTB_Content_Wrap" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #dcdcdc; white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee ;background-image: url(http://clipmarks.com/images/source-bg.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 4px; color: #666666; font-size: 10px;" ><a href="http://clipmarks.com/clip-to-blog/" title="see clips that are hot right now"><img src="http://content.clipmarks.com/blog_embed/fcddcbc9-5f6e-4cf5-abdb-80291c24db6b/0AE2C59A-E866-45A8-80D3-40CA59671473/" alt="" width="19" height="19" border="0" style="vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 4px; display: inline; border: none; float:none;" /></a>clipped from <a title="http://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryjuly.htm" href="http://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryjuly.htm" style="font-size: 11px;">www.peacebuttons.info</a></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryjuly.htm"><div align="center"><img src="http://content9.clipmarks.com/blog_cache/www.peacebuttons.info/img/DD859EFD-90C4-4CD0-8097-76968617439B" alt="" /></div></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryjuly.htm"><div align="center"><img src="http://content7.clipmarks.com/blog_cache/www.peacebuttons.info/img/FB259E28-E4BA-4422-8846-9D2CA9012A30" alt="" /></div></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryjuly.htm"><FONT face="American Typewriter" color="#990000" size="7">July</FONT></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryjuly.htm"><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">July
                      18, 1872</FONT></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryjuly.htm"><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Great
                    Britain, under the leadership of William Gladstone, passed
                    a law requiring voting by secret ballot. Previously, people
                    had to mount a platform in public and announce their choice
                    of candidate to the officer who then recorded it in the poll
                    book. Secrecy served to prevent the possibility of coercion
                and retaliation for one’s vote.</FONT></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryjuly.htm"><div align="center"><img src="http://content9.clipmarks.com/blog_cache/www.peacebuttons.info/img/D7FCD1D2-9C27-4F89-8574-F0DAF8FC70AB" alt="" /></div></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryjuly.htm">1872 election</blockquote><div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #dcdcdc; white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee ;background-image: url(http://clipmarks.com/images/source-bg.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 4px; color: #666666; font-size: 10px;" ><a href="http://clipmarks.com/clip-to-blog/" title="see clips that are hot right now"><img src="http://content6.clipmarks.com/images/clip-icon.gif" alt="" width="19" height="19" border="0" style="vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 4px; display: inline; border: none; float:none;" /></a>clipped from <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secret_ballot&oldid=223651522" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secret_ballot&oldid=223651522" style="font-size: 11px;">en.wikipedia.org</a></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secret_ballot&oldid=223651522"><P>Article 31 of the <A title="French Constitution of 1795" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1795">French Constitution of 1795</A><SUP class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><A title="" href="#cite_note-1">[2]</A></SUP> states that <I>All elections are to be held by secret ballot</I>.</P></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secret_ballot&oldid=223651522">The demand for a secret ballot was one of the six points of <A title="Chartism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartism">Chartism</A></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secret_ballot&oldid=223651522">Secret balloting appears to have been first implemented in the former <A title="Australia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia">Australian</A> <A title="Colony" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony">colony</A></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secret_ballot&oldid=223651522">credit for the first implementation of the secret ballot often went to the colonies of Victoria and <A title="South Australia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australia">South Australia</A></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secret_ballot&oldid=223651522"> Victoria enacted <A title="Electoral Act 1856" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_Act_1856">legislation</A> for secret ballots on <A title="March 19" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_19">March 19</A>, <A title="1856" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856">1856</A></blockquote><div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #dcdcdc; white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee ;background-image: url(http://clipmarks.com/images/source-bg.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 4px; color: #666666; font-size: 10px;" ><a href="http://clipmarks.com/clip-to-blog/" title="see clips that are hot right now"><img src="http://content7.clipmarks.com/images/clip-icon.gif" alt="" width="19" height="19" border="0" style="vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 4px; display: inline; border: none; float:none;" /></a>clipped from <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:William_Hogarth_031.jpg&oldid=121799257" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:William_Hogarth_031.jpg&oldid=121799257" style="font-size: 11px;">en.wikipedia.org</a></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:William_Hogarth_031.jpg&oldid=121799257"><div align="center"><img src="http://content8.clipmarks.com/blog_cache/en.wikipedia.org/img/AE901BBA-8C08-41EE-95C0-F4389A0EB7FD" alt="Image:William Hogarth 031.jpg" /></div></blockquote><div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #dcdcdc; 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font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:1900_New_York_polling_place.jpg">1900 New York polling place</blockquote><div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #dcdcdc; white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee ;background-image: url(http://clipmarks.com/images/source-bg.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 4px; color: #666666; font-size: 10px;" ><a href="http://clipmarks.com/clip-to-blog/" title="see clips that are hot right now"><img src="http://content7.clipmarks.com/images/clip-icon.gif" alt="" width="19" height="19" border="0" style="vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 4px; display: inline; border: none; float:none;" /></a>clipped from <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secret_ballot&oldid=223651522" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secret_ballot&oldid=223651522" style="font-size: 11px;">en.wikipedia.org</a></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; 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